{"id":21997,"date":"2025-10-27T14:32:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T13:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/"},"modified":"2026-02-16T16:22:41","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T15:22:41","slug":"remuneration-in-holiday-pay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/","title":{"rendered":"The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>With Order No. 27253 of October 12, 2025, the Italian Court of Cassation (Labour Section) reaffirmed that the remuneration to be paid to employees during their holiday period must be equivalent to that received during ordinary working periods. In other words, the employer must also include allowances related to the duties performed if these constitute a stable and continuous component of remuneration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The case concerned an employee of a well-known Italian railway company who worked as a train manager. During his holidays, the company had excluded from his payslip several items such as the on-board allowance, the out-of-district service allowance, the efficiency allowance, and commissions. The employee therefore claimed payment of the pay differences, arguing that these sums formed an integral part of his normal remuneration and should therefore have been duly paid during holidays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"20398\" src=\"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/shutterstock_1713676327-1024x608.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20398\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Court of Appeal of Milan upheld the employee\u2019s claims, recognising that these allowances were closely linked to the duties performed and that their exclusion resulted in an unjustified reduction of salary during holidays\u2014one that could discourage the employee from fully enjoying his rest period. According to the appellate judges, excluding such items led to an unjustified reduction of pay during the holiday period, in breach of the European principle of pay equivalence and potentially capable of deterring employees from exercising their right to annual leave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Court of Cassation confirmed this decision, referring to EU Directive 2003\/88\/EC and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which establish that the right to paid annual leave is a fundamental principle of European social law. Therefore, during the rest period, the employee must receive \u201cordinary\u201d pay, including all elements that are stably connected to the performance of work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Supreme Court also clarified that a reduced salary during holidays may constitute an \u201ceconomic deterrent\u201d, inducing employees to forgo their right to rest. For this reason, any pay component reflecting the usual conditions of work\u2014such as mobility allowances, commissions, or compensation for specific inconveniences\u2014must also be included during the holiday period.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With Order No. 27253 of October 12, 2025, the Italian Court of Cassation (Labour Section) reaffirmed that the remuneration to be paid to employees during their holiday period must be equivalent to that received during ordinary working periods. In other words, the employer must also include allowances related to the duties performed if these constitute [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":21998,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[167,177,190,196,212,208],"tags":[530,1192,941],"class_list":{"0":"post-21997","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-case-law","8":"category-insights","10":"category-news","12":"category-publications","13":"tag-dismissal","14":"tag-ferie-en","15":"tag-licenziamento-en"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato) - De Luca &amp; Partners<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21997\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato) - De Luca &amp; Partners\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"With Order No. 27253 of October 12, 2025, the Italian Court of Cassation (Labour Section) reaffirmed that the remuneration to be paid to employees during their holiday period must be equivalent to that received during ordinary working periods. In other words, the employer must also include allowances related to the duties performed if these constitute [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"De Luca &amp; Partners\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-27T13:32:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-16T15:22:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_1713676327-6.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"713\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Melismelis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Melismelis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Melismelis\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/00d0832a12e3889dce887a31e29d65f8\"},\"headline\":\"The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato)\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-27T13:32:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-16T15:22:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":366,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/shutterstock_1713676327-6.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Dismissal\",\"ferie\",\"Licenziamento\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Case Law\",\"Insights\",\"Insights\",\"News\",\"News\",\"Publications\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato) - De Luca &amp; Partners\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/shutterstock_1713676327-6.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-27T13:32:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-16T15:22:41+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/shutterstock_1713676327-6.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/shutterstock_1713676327-6.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":713},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/news\\\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"De Luca & Partners\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"De Luca & Partners\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/De-Luca-Partners.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/De-Luca-Partners.png\",\"width\":600,\"height\":56,\"caption\":\"De Luca & Partners\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/00d0832a12e3889dce887a31e29d65f8\",\"name\":\"Melismelis\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/abc81b0c708aea145c773c368ae5bc3f1f3fd0d40a61429cb96d09523d41ab66?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/abc81b0c708aea145c773c368ae5bc3f1f3fd0d40a61429cb96d09523d41ab66?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/abc81b0c708aea145c773c368ae5bc3f1f3fd0d40a61429cb96d09523d41ab66?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Melismelis\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.delucapartners.it\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato) - De Luca &amp; Partners","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21997\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato) - De Luca &amp; Partners","og_description":"With Order No. 27253 of October 12, 2025, the Italian Court of Cassation (Labour Section) reaffirmed that the remuneration to be paid to employees during their holiday period must be equivalent to that received during ordinary working periods. In other words, the employer must also include allowances related to the duties performed if these constitute [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/","og_site_name":"De Luca &amp; Partners","article_published_time":"2025-10-27T13:32:24+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-16T15:22:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":713,"url":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_1713676327-6.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Melismelis","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Melismelis","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/"},"author":{"name":"Melismelis","@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/00d0832a12e3889dce887a31e29d65f8"},"headline":"The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato)","datePublished":"2025-10-27T13:32:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-16T15:22:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/"},"wordCount":366,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_1713676327-6.jpg","keywords":["Dismissal","ferie","Licenziamento"],"articleSection":["Case Law","Insights","Insights","News","News","Publications"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/","url":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/","name":"The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato) - De Luca &amp; Partners","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_1713676327-6.jpg","datePublished":"2025-10-27T13:32:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-16T15:22:41+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_1713676327-6.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/shutterstock_1713676327-6.jpg","width":1200,"height":713},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/news\/remuneration-in-holiday-pay\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Italian Court of Cassation reaffirms the obligation to include all ordinary components of remuneration in holiday pay (Camera di Commercio Italo-Francese \u2013 Vittorio De Luca, Silvia Zulato)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/","name":"De Luca & Partners","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/#organization","name":"De Luca & Partners","url":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/De-Luca-Partners.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/De-Luca-Partners.png","width":600,"height":56,"caption":"De Luca & Partners"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/00d0832a12e3889dce887a31e29d65f8","name":"Melismelis","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/abc81b0c708aea145c773c368ae5bc3f1f3fd0d40a61429cb96d09523d41ab66?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/abc81b0c708aea145c773c368ae5bc3f1f3fd0d40a61429cb96d09523d41ab66?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/abc81b0c708aea145c773c368ae5bc3f1f3fd0d40a61429cb96d09523d41ab66?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Melismelis"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it"]}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21997"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21997\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21999,"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21997\/revisions\/21999"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21998"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}