{"id":31407,"date":"2026-04-08T16:28:20","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T14:28:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/news\/licenziamento-orale-onere-della-prova-in-capo-al-lavoratore\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T16:52:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T14:52:15","slug":"licenciement-oral-charge-de-la-preuve-incombant-au-salarie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.delucapartners.it\/fr\/insights\/case-law\/licenciement-oral-charge-de-la-preuve-incombant-au-salarie\/","title":{"rendered":"Licenciement oral : charge de la preuve incombant au salari\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ordonnance n\u00b0 4077 du 23 f\u00e9vrier 2026 : licenciement oral et charge de la preuve Avec l\u2019ordonnance n\u00b0 4077 du 23 f\u00e9vrier 2026, la Cour de cassation s\u2019est prononc\u00e9e sur le licenciement oral, statuant que le salari\u00e9 qui conteste la rupture du contrat en invoquant une notification non conforme \u00e0 la forme \u00e9crite a l\u2019obligation de prouver \u2014 en tant qu\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment constitutif de sa demande \u2014 que la cessation du contrat est imputable \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 de l\u2019employeur, m\u00eame si celle-ci s\u2019exprime par des comportements implicites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examen de fond<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le litige trouve son origine dans la demande d\u2019un salari\u00e9 qui, entre autres pr\u00e9tentions, soutenait avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9 oralement par son employeur. Le Tribunal de Paola avait rejet\u00e9 toutes les demandes du salari\u00e9. En appel, la Cour de Catanzaro, tout en reconnaissant l\u2019existence du contrat de travail pour la p\u00e9riode du 9 janvier 2001 au 31 octobre 2003, rejetait express\u00e9ment la demande relative au licenciement oral et aux pr\u00e9tentions indemnitoriales qui en d\u00e9coulaient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour d\u2019appel soulignait que l\u2019all\u00e9gation de licenciement oral \u00e9tait contredite par la pr\u00e9sence dans le dossier d\u2019une lettre de d\u00e9mission sign\u00e9e par le salari\u00e9, jamais contest\u00e9e, et qu\u2019aucune preuve n\u2019avait \u00e9t\u00e9 fournie pour d\u00e9montrer que la cessation du contrat \u00e9tait imputable \u00e0 une volont\u00e9 d\u2019expulsion de l\u2019employeur. La Cour rappelait l\u2019orientation jurisprudentielle constante selon laquelle, en cas de conflit entre la th\u00e8se du licenciement et celle des d\u00e9missions, le juge doit mener une enqu\u00eate probatoire rigoureuse, en valorisant la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019actes \u00e9crits et le comportement \u00e9ventuel des parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9cision de la Cour de cassation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La Cour supr\u00eame, par ordonnance du 2 d\u00e9cembre 2025, a rejet\u00e9 le moyen incident du salari\u00e9 relatif au licenciement oral, confirmant int\u00e9gralement la d\u00e9cision de la Cour d\u2019appel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cassation a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 que, selon un principe bien \u00e9tabli dans la jurisprudence, \u00ab le salari\u00e9 qui conteste un licenciement en invoquant une notification non conforme \u00e0 la forme \u00e9crite a l\u2019obligation de prouver \u2014 en tant qu\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment constitutif de sa demande \u2014 que la rupture du contrat est imputable \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 de l\u2019employeur, m\u00eame si celle-ci se manifeste par des comportements implicites, la simple cessation de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de la prestation de travail \u00e9tant insuffisante ; dans l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se o\u00f9 l\u2019employeur soutient que le contrat a pris fin en raison des d\u00e9missions du salari\u00e9 et qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019issue de l\u2019instruction \u2014 \u00e0 mener \u00e9galement via les pouvoirs officieux pr\u00e9vus par l\u2019art. 421 c.p.c. \u2014 subsiste une incertitude probatoire, la demande du salari\u00e9 doit \u00eatre rejet\u00e9e conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la r\u00e8gle r\u00e9siduelle d\u00e9duite de l\u2019art. 2697 c.c. \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le cas pr\u00e9sent, la Cour a relev\u00e9 que non seulement le salari\u00e9 n\u2019avait pas rempli cette charge de la preuve, mais qu\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e9ment de preuve contraire existait dans le dossier : une lettre de d\u00e9mission sign\u00e9e par le salari\u00e9 et dat\u00e9e du 31\/10\/2003, jamais contest\u00e9e. Ce document, d\u00e9j\u00e0 pris en consid\u00e9ration par le juge de premi\u00e8re instance, excluait la possibilit\u00e9 de qualifier la cessation du contrat de licenciement oral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Cour a donc jug\u00e9 les critiques du salari\u00e9 infond\u00e9es, observant que la d\u00e9cision de la juridiction territoriale \u00e9tait conforme \u00e0 l\u2019orientation constante de la jurisprudence de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9, selon laquelle la simple cessation de la prestation de travail n\u2019est pas suffisante pour d\u00e9montrer un licenciement, n\u00e9cessitant plut\u00f4t la preuve d\u2019une volont\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique d\u2019expulsion de l\u2019employeur, m\u00eame si exprim\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re non \u00e9crite. En pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une lettre de d\u00e9mission non contest\u00e9e, la demande du salari\u00e9 ne peut \u00eatre accueillie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La d\u00e9cision confirme le principe selon lequel, en cas de contestation sur la cause de la cessation du contrat de travail (licenciement oral ou d\u00e9mission), il incombe au salari\u00e9 de prouver que la rupture est imputable \u00e0 une volont\u00e9 d\u2019expulsion de l\u2019employeur. La simple cessation de la prestation n\u2019est pas suffisante, en particulier lorsqu\u2019une lettre de d\u00e9mission est sign\u00e9e et non contest\u00e9e, constituant une preuve suffisante pour \u00e9carter le licenciement. Cette d\u00e9cision s\u2019inscrit dans l\u2019orientation de la Cassation, qui exige une enqu\u00eate probatoire rigoureuse et valorise le r\u00f4le des actes \u00e9crits dans l\u2019examen du licenciement oral.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ordonnance n\u00b0 4077 du 23 f\u00e9vrier 2026 : licenciement oral et charge de la preuve Avec l\u2019ordonnance n\u00b0 4077 du 23 f\u00e9vrier 2026, la Cour de cassation s\u2019est prononc\u00e9e sur le licenciement oral, statuant que le salari\u00e9 qui conteste la rupture du contrat en invoquant une notification non conforme \u00e0 la forme \u00e9crite a l\u2019obligation […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":29557,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[168,175],"tags":[1360,1006],"class_list":["post-31407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-case-law","category-insights","tag-diritto-del-lavoro-fr","tag-licenziamento-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLicenciement oral : charge de la preuve incombant au salari\u00e9- De Luca & Partners<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour de 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